HIV-associated dementia presenting predominantly with clinical motor deficits: A case report

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Infectious Diseases
• Geriatrics

Background:

• HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a neurocognitive disorder affecting individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• It typically manifests as a subcortical dementia with cognitive impairments in concentration, attention, and memory.
• Motor and mood changes are less common but significant diagnostic features.

Observation:

• This report details a unique case of HAD in a 29-year-old male.
• The patient presented with progressive weakness in the lower extremities and significant ambulation difficulties.
• This presentation deviates from the typical cognitive-first presentation in older individuals.

Findings:

• The case illustrates that HIV-associated dementia can present primarily with motor deficits, even in young patients.
• This atypical presentation underscores the importance of considering HAD in younger individuals with unexplained neurological symptoms.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing HAD and improving patient outcomes.

Implications:

• This case broadens the understanding of HAD's clinical spectrum beyond cognitive decline.
• It suggests that neurological assessments for HIV patients should include evaluation for motor impairments, regardless of age.
• Recognizing atypical presentations of HAD is vital for timely intervention and management in diverse patient populations.