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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study to Identify Clinical and Radiographic Features Associated With VZV Reactivation

Ekaterina Bakradze1, Charles C Esenwa2, D Scott Schmid1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

The Neurohospitalist
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) reactivation was found in 19.4% of cryptogenic stroke patients. Testing for VZV may be beneficial for young patients with multifocal infarcts or recent ischemic stroke.

Keywords:
cryptogenic strokeischemic strokevaricella zoster virusvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Many ischemic stroke patients lack a clear cause after extensive testing.
  • Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) can cause vasculitis and is a potential cause of cryptogenic stroke (CS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proportion of cryptogenic stroke patients with evidence of VZV reactivation.
  • To identify potential clinical factors associated with VZV reactivation in CS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 72 CS patients tested for VZV.
  • VZV reactivation defined by positive CSF VZV PCR, anti-VZV IgM, or high IgG ratio.
  • Statistical analysis to compare patient groups and determine VZV+ proportion with 95% CI.

Main Results:

  • 19.4% (14/72) of CS patients showed evidence of central nervous system (CNS) VZV reactivation.
  • Patients with VZV reactivation were more likely to have a history of recent ischemic stroke and hypertension.
  • No significant differences in demographics or radiographic features were observed between VZV+ and VZV- groups.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of cryptogenic stroke patients exhibit CNS VZV reactivation.
  • Consider VZV testing in CS patients, especially younger individuals with multifocal infarcts or recent stroke.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.