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Mass hysteria: two syndromes?

S Wessely

    Psychological Medicine
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mass hysteria presents two distinct syndromes: mass anxiety hysteria, characterized by acute anxiety in schoolchildren spread via visual contact, and mass motor hysteria, involving motor abnormalities in any age group, often linked to underlying stressors. Both require different management strategies for effective resolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Mass hysteria, a phenomenon of unexplained physical symptoms spreading through a group, has been documented across various populations.
    • Previous classifications have not fully differentiated the distinct etiological and epidemiological features of its subtypes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate two primary syndromes of mass hysteria based on a comprehensive literature review.
    • To provide distinct diagnostic and treatment guidelines for each identified syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze studies on mass hysteria.
    • Comparative analysis of reported cases to differentiate between syndromes based on symptoms, demographics, and spread patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Two distinct syndromes were identified: 'mass anxiety hysteria' and 'mass motor hysteria'.
    • Mass anxiety hysteria primarily affects schoolchildren, involves acute anxiety, spreads rapidly via visual contact, and has a good prognosis with separation.
    • Mass motor hysteria affects all age groups, presents with motor abnormalities, is preceded by tension, spreads gradually, and requires addressing underlying stressors, potentially leading to prolonged outbreaks.

    Conclusions:

    • Mass hysteria is not a monolithic entity but comprises two distinct syndromes with differing characteristics.
    • Effective management requires tailored interventions: separation for anxiety-type hysteria and stressor-focused treatment for motor-type hysteria.
    • Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective public health interventions.

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