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Hormonal contraception and mood disorders.

Eveline Mu1, Jayashri Kulkarni1

  • 1Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.

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|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal contraception, particularly older oral contraceptive pills, may trigger or worsen depression due to progestogen content. Newer formulations with physiological estrogen might be better tolerated, suggesting a weaker link to mood issues.

Keywords:
moodoestrogenoral contraceptive pillprogesteroneprogestogen

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hormonal contraception is widely used for birth control and managing gynecological conditions.
  • A subset of users report mood disturbances, including depression, associated with hormonal contraceptives.
  • The specific components of oral contraceptive pills, such as progestogens and estrogens, are implicated in these mood effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between hormonal contraception and depression.
  • To differentiate the potential mood impacts of older versus newer oral contraceptive formulations.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding the assessment of mood changes in patients using hormonal contraception.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hormonal contraception and mood disorders.
  • Analysis of the hormonal composition of different oral contraceptive pills.
  • Correlation of progestogen and estrogen types/dosages with reported mood side effects.

Main Results:

  • The type and amount of progestogen in oral contraceptive pills are significantly linked to depression risk.
  • Older oral contraceptive pills containing ethinylestradiol are associated with more severe mood problems.
  • Newer oral contraceptive pills with physiological estrogens may have a weaker association with depression.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must consider the potential for hormonal contraception to precipitate or worsen depression.
  • The formulation of oral contraceptive pills, specifically estrogen and progestogen content, influences mood outcomes.
  • A careful temporal assessment of contraception use and mood changes is crucial for patient management.