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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

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Bidimensional Engineered Amorphous a-SnO2 Interfaces: Synthesis and Gas Sensing Response to H2S and Humidity.

Valentina Paolucci1, Jessica De Santis1, Vittorio Ricci1

  • 1Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila and UdR INSTM of L'Aquila, Via G. Gronchi 18, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

ACS Sensors
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
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Researchers developed stable, amorphous 2D tin oxide (SnO2) gas sensors from tin selenide (SnSe2) precursors. These sensors show excellent reproducibility for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and humidity detection, overcoming oxidation issues in traditional materials.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and metal chalcogenides (MCs) offer promising gas sensing capabilities but suffer from poor long-term signal reproducibility due to oxidation.
  • Spontaneous oxidation in ambient air degrades the performance of 2D material-based gas sensors, limiting their practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize stable, amorphous 2D tin oxide (a-SnO2) flakes from 2D tin selenide (SnSe2) precursors.
  • To evaluate the long-term stability and reproducibility of these a-SnO2 sensors for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and humidity.
  • To investigate the sensing mechanisms and the effect of humidity on H2S detection using experimental and computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of amorphous 2D SnO2 flakes by annealing 2D SnSe2 below the crystallization temperature of SnO2 (< 280 °C).
Keywords:
DFTH2SSnSe2amorphous SnO2cross-influencemechanismthermal oxidationwater vapor

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  • Gas sensing measurements for H2S and humidity at 100 °C over one year.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to study gas adsorption mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Amorphous 2D SnO2 flakes (≈30 nm thick) were successfully synthesized and demonstrated stability up to 250 °C in air.
    • Excellent baseline and signal reproducibility for H2S (400 ppb to 1.5 ppm) and humidity (10-80% RH) were achieved over one year.
    • H2S and H2O were found to compete for the same adsorption sites via dissociative chemisorption, leading to humidity cross-response that increases the limit of detection (LOD) for H2S.

    Conclusions:

    • The amorphization strategy provides a pathway to create highly stable and reproducible 2D amorphous metal oxide gas sensors.
    • Understanding the competitive adsorption mechanism is crucial for mitigating humidity cross-response in H2S sensing.
    • This approach offers potential for developing advanced 2D layered amorphous metal oxide gas sensors for various applications.