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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Systemically targeted cancer immunotherapy and gene delivery using transmorphic particles.

Paladd Asavarut1, Sajee Waramit1, Keittisak Suwan1

  • 1Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.

EMBO Molecular Medicine
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces Transmorphic Phage/AAV (TPA) particles for targeted cancer immunotherapy. TPA enhances gene delivery and efficacy against solid tumors, offering a safer alternative for cancer treatment.

Keywords:
bacteriophagecancer immunotherapycytokinestargeted gene deliveryvector development

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cytokine immunotherapy faces challenges due to pleiotropic effects and safety concerns.
  • Current viral vectors have limitations in targeted delivery and clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel gene delivery system for targeted cancer immunotherapy.
  • To improve the safety and efficacy of cytokine-based cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and characterized Transmorphic Phage/AAV (TPA) particles by encapsidating adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA with bacteriophage (phage) coat proteins.
  • Utilized TPA for targeted delivery of genes encoding interleukin-12 (IL12), interleukin-15 (IL15), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
  • Evaluated TPA's gene delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors in vivo.

Main Results:

  • TPA particles demonstrated superior transgene delivery compared to existing phage-derived vectors.
  • Achieved enhanced diffusion and intracellular trafficking of transgenes.
  • Showcased selective and efficient gene delivery and immunotherapy against solid tumors without off-target organ toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • The TPA system offers a promising approach for safe and effective gene delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Cross-species complementation of AAV and phage provides a novel platform for therapeutic viral vector development.