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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

195
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
195
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

235
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
235
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

432
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
432
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

318
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
318
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

335
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
335

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobes for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Detection
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Diagnosing Tuberculosis: What Do New Technologies Allow Us to (Not) Do?

Shima M Abdulgader1, Anna O Okunola1, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu1

  • 1DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
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New tuberculosis diagnostics face delays due to COVID-19, but non-sputum tests show promise for rapid diagnosis. Critical evaluation of these new tuberculosis (TB) tests is needed for effective implementation.

Keywords:
DiagnosisNon-invasive testingRapid testsTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diagnostic Technologies
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Development and implementation of new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are hindered by COVID-19 resource diversion.
  • Non-invasive, non-sputum-based TB tests offer potential for point-of-care triage and confirmation, especially for hard-to-diagnose populations.
  • Existing and emerging TB diagnostic technologies have limitations requiring careful consideration for optimal deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise state-of-the-art technologies for active pulmonary TB diagnosis.
  • To highlight strengths, limitations, and research gaps for current and future TB diagnostic tests.
  • To inform the optimal use of TB diagnostics considering target populations, settings, and performance criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging technologies for active pulmonary TB diagnosis.
  • Critical appraisal of triage and confirmatory TB tests, including biomarkers and imaging.
  • Analysis of World Health Organization target product profile criteria and their relevance.

Main Results:

  • Triage tests like CRP and computer-aided detection with digital chest X-ray show promise; blood-based assays are less advanced.
  • Confirmatory tests face challenges, with few true point-of-care options emerging soon; novel approaches require optimization.
  • No current TB diagnostic technologies fully meet WHO optimal target product profile criteria, necessitating revisions.

Conclusions:

  • New TB diagnostic tests require careful implementation strategies to address limitations and uncertainties.
  • Target product profile criteria for TB diagnostics need urgent revision to incorporate lessons from the COVID-19 response.
  • Active case finding and optimal utilization of existing TB tests require advocacy from health workers and researchers.