Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 6, 2025
A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects
Published on: December 10, 2021
Biomechanical Comparison of a 3-Loop Pulley and a 4-Loop Pulley Suture for Tenorrhaphy in the Canine Gastrocnemius
Kadie L O'Byrne1, Takanori Sugiyama2, Dale Robinson3
1Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare a 3-loop pulley (3LP) suture pattern with a 4-loop pulley (4LP) suture pattern for the tenorrhaphy of the canine gastrocnemius tendon STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, cadaveric, biomechanical study of 30 canine gastrocnemius tendons. Tendons were transected and repaired with either 3LP or 4LP suture pattern with 2-0 polypropylene. A tensile load was applied at 25 mm/min until construct failure. The load required to form a 1 mm gap, 3 mm gap and maximum load at failure was recorded and compared between groups.
Results:
The estimated mean load to form a 1 mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 28.4 N (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.0-32.6N) and 45.5 N (95% CI: 40.7-50.1N) respectively. The 4LP mean load to form a 1 mm gap was 17.1 N (95% CI: 11.7-22.5N) greater than the 3LP. The estimated mean load to form a 3mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 39.7 N (95% CI: 34.1-45.4N) and 55.0 N (95% CI: 49.3-60.9N) respectively. The mean load to form a 3mm gap was 15.3 N (95% CI: 8.5-21.9N) greater in the 4LP than the 3LP. The estimated mean load for failure in the 3LP and 4LP was 41.2 N (95% CI: 35.6-46.9 N) and 54.3 N (95% CI: 48.7-60.3 N) respectively.
Conclusion:
A 4LP pattern was biomechanically superior to a 3LP pattern, as demonstrated by a greater load required to form both a 1 and 3 mm gap and a greater load for failure CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A 4LP suture pattern better resists gap formation and requires greater load prior to construct failure compared with a 3LP, in this canine gastrocnemius model.
