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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Renal sarcoidosis.

Marta Calatroni1,2, Gabriella Moroni3,4, Francesco Reggiani3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy. marta.calatroni@humanitas.it.

Journal of Nephrology
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis, a systemic inflammatory disease, can cause kidney problems like granulomatous interstitial nephritis and hypercalcemia. Early diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment improve outcomes, potentially preventing end-stage kidney disease.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryEnd-stage kidney diseaseGranulomatous interstitial nephritisHypercalcemiaNoncaseating granulomasRenal sarcoidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease with unknown causes.
  • Its pathogenesis involves aberrant T cell responses and genetic/environmental factors.
  • Noncaseating granulomas form in affected organs due to immune cell imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of sarcoidosis's etiopathogenesis.
  • To detail renal manifestations and complications of sarcoidosis.
  • To discuss management and prognosis of kidney involvement in sarcoidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on sarcoidosis and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and outcomes.
  • Examination of hypercalcemia-related renal complications.

Main Results:

  • Kidney abnormalities include granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) and hypercalcemia disorders.
  • Hypercalcemia can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), nephrocalcinosis, and renal stones.
  • Outcomes vary from remission to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment improve sarcoidosis prognosis.
  • Dialysis and transplantation are viable options for ESKD patients.
  • Understanding renal manifestations is crucial for managing sarcoidosis patients.