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Biodiversity mediates ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability.

Brunno F Oliveira1,2, Frances C Moore3, Xiaoli Dong3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Greater plant diversity stabilizes ecosystems against temperature variability across the Western Hemisphere. Conserving diverse landscapes can maintain ecosystem services under climate change.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biodiversity Science
  • Climate Change Ecology

Background:

  • Local-scale studies show biodiversity stabilizes ecosystem functioning.
  • Regional and continental-scale evidence for biodiversity's stabilizing effects remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of plant diversity (species, phylogenetic, functional) in mediating ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability at regional scales across the Western Hemisphere.
  • Assess how different facets of plant diversity influence ecosystem stability in response to temperature and precipitation variability over two decades.

Main Methods:

  • Combined data on the distribution of over 57,500 plant species with remote-sensing observations across the Western Hemisphere.
  • Analyzed ecosystem sensitivity to interannual and seasonal temperature and precipitation variability.
  • Examined multiple facets of plant diversity: species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity.

Main Results:

  • Regions with higher plant diversity showed lower sensitivity to temperature variability at interannual and seasonal scales.
  • Increased plant diversity correlated with lower sensitivity to interannual precipitation variability.
  • Areas with high plant diversity were highly sensitive to precipitation seasonality.

Conclusions:

  • Biodiversity plays a crucial role in stabilizing ecosystem functioning against climate variability at regional scales.
  • Conserving diverse landscapes is vital for maintaining ecosystem stability and ecosystem services under climate change.
  • Understanding the nuances of diversity's role in relation to different climate variables (temperature vs. precipitation seasonality) is key for effective conservation strategies.