Multidimensional (0D-3D) nanofillers: Fascinating materials in the field of bio-based food active packaging

Nanoscience paves the new way for the development of bio-based food packaging. Recently, research on bio-nanocomposite packaging has gained momentum, driven by consumers' pursuits of food quality and the reduction of resource waste. This is mainly attributable to its excellent biogradability, non-toxicity, consumer friendliness and its potential for functional properties that contribute to extending the shelf life of foods. Bio-nanocomposite packaging materials can be prepared by incorporating nano-sized additives into biopolymeric matrices. The review investigates how dimensional qualities of nanofillers affect functional properties, rather than just the biopolymer matrix as a whole. The features of various nanofillers were first introduced in this review. As a result, the functional variations amongst nanofillers of different dimensions were emphasized. After that, some concrete applications, the main obstacles and solutions were discussed in detail. Finally, a clear perspective and prospect for the future manufacturing and research directions of biological nanocomposites prepared for active packaging were presented.