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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

335
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
335
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

432
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
432
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

318
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
318
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

235
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
235
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

195
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
195
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

905
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
905

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Tuberculosis the great masquerader.

Elizabeth Wenqian Wang1, Christine N Okwesili1, James B Doub2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center, Towson, MD 21204, USA.

Idcases
|June 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection is crucial for patients on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. This case shows tuberculosis can reactivate even with negative tests, emphasizing the need to consider past exposures.

Keywords:
Disease-modifying agentsMiliary tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisRheumatoid arthritisSpondylitis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are increasingly used for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is vital before initiating DMARDs.
  • Tuberculosis reactivation can occur despite negative screening in patients with prior exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of cryptic miliary tuberculosis reactivation in a rheumatoid arthritis patient on DMARDs.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and the importance of historical epidemiological exposure assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 74-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and histopathological findings.
  • Analysis of diagnostic delays and eventual diagnosis through tuberculosis spondylitis.

Main Results:

  • Initial presentation with abdominal lymphadenopathy and caseating granulomas, misattributed to rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Negative sputum acid-fast bacilli cultures and LTBI screening tests.
  • Delayed diagnosis until the development of tuberculosis spondylitis.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must remain vigilant for tuberculosis reactivation in DMARD-treated patients.
  • Historical epidemiological exposure to tuberculosis is a critical factor, even with negative screening tests.
  • Relying solely on screening tests can lead to diagnostic delays and suboptimal patient outcomes.