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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Published on: February 12, 2019

A Coordination Network Featuring Two Distinct Copper(II) Coordination Environments for Highly Selective Acetylene

Magdalene W S Chong¹, Stephen P Argent¹, Florian Moreau^1,2

¹School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 28, 2022

Summary

A novel 2D coordination network material demonstrates high surface area and selective gas adsorption. This framework shows exceptional ability to separate acetylene from other hydrocarbons, crucial for industrial applications.

Keywords:

adsorption copper crystal engineering metal-organic frameworks microporous materials supramolecular chemistry

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Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Published on: February 12, 2019

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

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Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Published on: February 27, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

2D coordination networks offer tunable properties for gas storage and separation.
Developing materials with selective gas adsorption is critical for industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new 2D coordination network based on copper.
To investigate the gas sorption properties and selectivity of the material.
To explore its potential in separation technologies.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
Solvent exchange to assess framework flexibility.
Gas sorption analysis (N2, 77 K) to determine surface area and pore characteristics.
Adsorption studies with CO2, CH4, and C2Hn hydrocarbons.

Main Results:

A 2D coordination network, {Cu2L2·(DMF)3(H2O)3}n, was synthesized with unique Cu(II) coordination environments and 1D channels.
The material exhibits flexibility upon solvent exchange while retaining porosity.
Activated material shows a BET surface area of 950 m² g⁻¹ and type I gas sorption behavior.
Exceptional selectivity for C2H2 over CH4 and C2Hn was observed.

Conclusions:

The synthesized 2D coordination network possesses desirable properties for gas separation.
Its high selectivity for acetylene makes it a promising candidate for acetylene isolation technologies.