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Gill developmental program in the teleost mandibular arch.

Mathi Thiruppathy1, Peter Fabian1, J Andrew Gillis2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The jawed vertebrate jaw may have evolved from ancestral gills. Zebrafish pseudobranchs, which regulate eye blood pressure, develop from mandibular arch tissues and share key features with gills, supporting this evolutionary link.

Keywords:
GillPseudobranchcranial neural crestdevelopmental biologyevolutionary biologyjawmandibular archzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Vertebrate paleontology

Background:

  • The evolutionary origin of jaws in vertebrates remains a significant question in biology.
  • It is hypothesized that jaws may have arisen from modifications of ancestral gill structures.
  • No living vertebrate exhibits gills derived from the jaw-forming mandibular arch.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental origins of the zebrafish pseudobranch.
  • To determine if the pseudobranch shares developmental similarities with gills.
  • To provide evidence for the gill-origin hypothesis of vertebrate jaws.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of zebrafish development, focusing on the mandibular arch and pseudobranch.
  • Gene expression and enhancer utilization studies in zebrafish.
  • Comparative analysis with existing data on chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes).

Main Results:

  • The zebrafish pseudobranch develops from mandibular arch mesenchyme and first pharyngeal pouch epithelia.
  • The pseudobranch shares gene expression patterns, enhancer usage, and developmental dependence on 'gata3' with gills.
  • These findings, alongside chondrichthyan data, suggest a mandibular pseudobranch homologous to gills existed in early jawed vertebrates.

Conclusions:

  • The zebrafish pseudobranch exhibits developmental homology with gills.
  • The presence of a mandibular pseudobranch in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates supports the gill-origin theory of jaws.
  • This study provides strong evidence for the evolutionary modification of ancestral gills into vertebrate jaws.