Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

215
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
215
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

1.3K
The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
1.3K
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

246
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
246
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

130
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
130
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

137
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
137
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

141
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
141

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Are Canada's Health Systems Capable of Innovation? Plus ça Change, Plus C'est la Même Chose.

HealthcarePapers·2026
Same author

Role of Chronic Conditions in Out-of-Pocket Costs for Preventive Care in the US.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Governance - The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.

HealthcarePapers·2025
Same author

Determinants of capital structure: a case of hospitals in China.

BMC health services research·2025
Same author

We Should Not Settle for Mediocre Medicare.

HealthcarePapers·2025
Same author

Do Pro-Competition Healthcare Reforms Always Bring Health Benefits? Evidence from China.

Health systems and reform·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.9K

ADHD misdiagnosis: Causes and mitigators.

Jill Furzer1, Elizabeth Dhuey2, Audrey Laporte1

  • 1Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Health Economics
|June 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

ADHD diagnoses appear higher for younger students due to assessment biases. Teachers over-assess younger boys, while under-assessing older girls, potentially widening educational gaps.

Keywords:
ADHDgender gapshuman capitalschool starting ageteacher training

More Related Videos

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.4K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.9K
Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.4K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Child psychology
  • Educational psychology
  • Developmental neuroscience

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnoses show a sharp increase around school entry age.
  • Younger children within a cohort (young-for-grade) exhibit disproportionately higher ADHD diagnostic rates.
  • The reasons for these diagnostic disparities, whether over- or under-diagnosis, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of ADHD diagnostic discrepancies related to school starting age.
  • To differentiate between over- and under-assessment of ADHD symptoms based on student age and sex.
  • To examine the role of teacher and parent assessments in these diagnostic patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a regression discontinuity design exploiting variations in school starting age.
  • Analyzed pre-diagnostic parent and teacher assessments of ADHD symptoms.
  • Disaggregated findings by student age-for-grade status, sex, and school socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Being young-for-grade or male leads to increased ADHD symptom over-assessment by teachers.
  • Under-assessment of the oldest students, particularly females, contributes significantly to the age-related diagnostic gap.
  • These assessment biases appear more pronounced in lower-income schools.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD diagnostic rates are influenced by age-related assessment biases, not solely by symptom prevalence.
  • Sex and socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment may be exacerbated by these diagnostic patterns.
  • No evidence suggests special education training mitigates these specific assessment errors.