Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

910
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
910
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

18.5K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
18.5K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

131
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
131
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

5.9K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.9K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

63.4K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
63.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimized rGO/NiCoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion for supercapacitor applications.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Unraveling Synthetase's Mode of Action: The Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Dimer Uses Secondary Binding Sites in the Cell.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Benzenoid ring C-H olefination of Coumarins under Rh(III)-catalysis: Synthesis, anti-inflammatory evaluation and in silico studies.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Retraction notice to "Fabrication of polypyrrole gas sensor for detection of NH<sub>3</sub> using an oxidizing agent and pyrrole combinations: Studies and characterizations" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e17611].

Heliyon·2026
Same author

PKM2Pred: An AI Tool for Rapid Identification and Potency Estimation of PKM2-Targeting Anticancer Compounds.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Lung SPLUNC1-derived anti-biofilm peptide in polymeric nanoparticles: A novel strategy against S. aureus biofilms and antimicrobial resistance.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.3K

Structural basis of Omicron immune evasion: A comparative computational study.

Darshan Contractor1, Christoph Globisch2, Shiv Swaroop3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Tandalja, Vadodara, 390012, Gujarat, India.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|June 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New SARS-CoV-2 variants like Omicron show reduced antibody effectiveness due to mutations in the spike protein

Keywords:
Compromised neutralisationMolecular dockingMolecular dynamics simulationsOmicronSARS-CoV-2 variants

More Related Videos

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

10.6K
Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.3K
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

10.6K
Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies, but their efficacy is challenged by new viral strains with spike protein mutations.
  • Mutations in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein can lead to immune evasion by affecting antibody neutralization.
  • The Delta and Omicron variants are critical examples of SARS-CoV-2 evolution impacting vaccine effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
  • To evaluate the binding affinities of human antibodies with mutated RBDs.
  • To understand the structural basis of antibody efficacy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of the RBD.
  • Docking simulations to assess protein interactions.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to analyze structural changes and binding affinities.

Main Results:

  • Mutations, particularly at the RBD-antibody interface, reduce antibody binding affinity by 10-40%.
  • A decrease in the number of interactions between antibodies and the RBD was observed.
  • These findings suggest the emergence of immune-escape variants.

Conclusions:

  • Characterized mutations explain reduced antibody efficacy against Omicron compared to Delta.
  • The study provides insights into the structural mechanisms of antibody neutralization.
  • Results can inform the design of next-generation vaccines effective against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.