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Immune Responses after a Third Dose of mRNA Vaccine Differ in Virus-Naive versus SARS-CoV-2- Recovered Dialysis
Philippe Attias1, Imane Azzaoui2,3, Khalil El Karoui4,5
1Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hôpital Privé Nord Parisien, Sarcelles, France.
Background And Objectives:
After two doses of mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), patients on dialysis show a defective humoral response, but a third dose could increase anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers. Responses could be different in virus-naive and SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients on dialysis. However, characterization of memory B cell response after three doses is lacking.
Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements:
We evaluated the dynamics of antireceptor binding domain IgG titers and antireceptor binding domain memory B cells until 6 months after two and three doses (administered within 6 months after the second dose) of mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-recovered and virus-naive dialysis populations. Results were analyzed by ordinary one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test as appropriate.
Results:
In total, 108 individuals (59 patients on dialysis and 49 controls) were included. In virus-naive patients on dialysis, antireceptor binding domain IgG response was quantitatively lower after two doses compared with healthy controls, but IgG titers increased by three-fold after three doses (P=0.008). In SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients on dialysis, antireceptor binding domain IgG titers after two doses were significantly higher compared with virus-naive patients on dialysis but did not significantly increase after a third dose. Regarding memory B cell response, we detected receptor binding domain-specific memory B cells at similar proportions in virus-naive patients on dialysis and vaccinated controls after two doses. Moreover, a strong receptor binding domain-specific memory B cell expansion was observed after the third dose in virus-naive patients on dialysis (5.5-fold; P<0.001). However, in SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients on dialysis, antireceptor binding domain memory B cells remained unchanged after the third dose.
Conclusions:
The third dose of mRNA vaccine given within 6 months after the second dose boosts serologic and memory response in virus-naive patients but not in SARS-CoV-2-recovered patients on dialysis.
Clinical Trial Registry Name And Registration Number:
COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 Specific Memory B and T-CD4+ Cells (MEMO-COV2), NCT04402892.
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