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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

The Establishment of a Murine Mandibular Molar Extraction Socket Healing Model

The Establishment of a Murine Mandibular Molar Extraction Socket Healing Model

Published on: January 13, 2023

Maxillary Tuberosity Fractures Following Third Molar Extraction, Prevalence, and Risk Factors.

Tom Shmuly^1,2, Orit Winocur-Arias^2,3, Adrian Kahn¹

¹Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|June 29, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maxillary tuberosity fractures occurred in 18.1% of upper wisdom tooth extractions. Older age, divergent roots, and caries increase fracture risk, aiding complication prevention.

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Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

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Area of Science:

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Anatomy
Radiology

Background:

Maxillary tuberosity fractures are a potential complication during maxillary third molar extractions.
Understanding prevalence and risk factors is crucial for surgical planning and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of maxillary tuberosity fractures in adult patients undergoing third molar extraction.
To identify and analyze risk factors associated with these fractures.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 403 non-surgical maxillary third molar extractions performed between January 2017 and March 2019.
Data collected from medical records, including patient demographics, tooth characteristics, and fracture occurrence.

Main Results:

A prevalence of 18.1% for maxillary tuberosity fractures was observed.
Fracture rates were significantly higher in patients over 30 years old (25.0%) compared to those 30 and under (12.1%).
Divergent or extremely curved root morphology (30.7%) and caries lesions (21.9%) were associated with increased fracture risk.

Conclusions:

The risk of tuberosity fracture increases with age.
Tooth root morphology and the presence of caries are significant risk factors.
Identifying these factors can help minimize complications during upper wisdom tooth extractions.