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Related Concept Videos

Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
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Clp ATPases differentially affect natural competence development in Streptococcus mutans.

Satya D Pandey1, Indranil Biswas1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.

Microbiologyopen
|June 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial competence for DNA transformation in Streptococcus mutans is highest at low cell density and early growth phases. Proteolytic complex components like ClpP and ClpX differentially regulate this energy-driven process.

Keywords:
Clp ATPasegrowth phaselactic acid bacteriamicrobial developmentnatural competence

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Naturally competent bacteria utilize DNA transformation for horizontal gene transfer.
  • Competence development is an energy-dependent process crucial for foreign DNA uptake.
  • The regulation of competence in Streptococcus, particularly Streptococcus mutans, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cell density on competence development in Streptococcus mutans.
  • To elucidate the role of Clp proteolytic complex components in regulating bacterial competence.

Main Methods:

  • Streptococcus mutans transformation assays were performed at varying cell densities and growth phases.
  • The influence of specific Clp proteolytic complex components (ClpP, ClpX, ClpC, ClpE) on transformation efficiency was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Transformation efficiency in S. mutans peaked when DNA was added at low cell density and incubated for 2.5 hours.
  • S. mutans maintained competence until the mid-logarithmic growth phase, after which it declined significantly.
  • ClpP protease and ClpX ATPase were essential for competence during early growth, while ClpC and ClpE negatively affected it.
  • During mid-logarithmic growth, ClpX remained essential, but ClpP exhibited a negative effect on competence.

Conclusions:

  • Cell density and growth phase critically influence Streptococcus mutans competence.
  • Components of the Clp proteolytic complex exhibit differential regulatory roles in competence development.
  • ClpC and ClpE were identified as novel negative regulators of transformation in S. mutans.