Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

999
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
999
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

189
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
189
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

417
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
417
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

680
The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
680
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

258
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
258
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

738
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
738

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Charge transfer in triphenylamine-tetrazine covalent organic frameworks for solar-driven hydrogen peroxide production.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Probing the Acid-Induced Hydrolysis of Sucrose Monopalmitate and Its Role in Interfacial Properties.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Synthesis of Epoxidized Soybean Oil as a Bio-Based Chain Extender for Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Optimization of the Extrusion Process for Its Performance.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Navigation and selection of spermatozoa in a radial flow microfluidic device.

Lab on a chip·2025
Same author

Charge transfer in triphenylamine-tetrazine covalent organic frameworks for solar-driven hydrogen peroxide production.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

On-chip oocyte cumulus removal using vibration-induced flow.

Lab on a chip·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.2K

Solid phase wax coating of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to decrease its solubility profile as a ready to mix supplement.

Sara Madarshahian1, Mojtaba Enayati1, Gerard Vinyes Parés2

  • 1Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca 14853 NY USA alireza@cornell.edu.

RSC Advances
|June 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a wax coating for N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) to improve its taste and delivery. The coated NAC showed slower release in water, enhancing its potential therapeutic applications.

More Related Videos

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

17.0K
Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
07:53

Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

Published on: April 26, 2016

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.2K
Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

17.0K
Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
07:53

Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

Published on: April 26, 2016

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) possesses antioxidant and disulfide bond-cleaving properties beneficial for health.
  • Current NAC formulations suffer from acidity, undesirable taste, and unpleasant aftertaste, limiting patient compliance.
  • Developing improved delivery systems for NAC is crucial to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and patient acceptance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for slowing the release of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in aqueous solutions.
  • To create wax-coated NAC particles using natural waxes and food-grade corn oil.
  • To characterize the physical properties and release profile of the coated NAC particles.

Main Methods:

  • A solid-phase wax coating technique was employed using natural waxes and food-grade corn oil as a solvent.
  • Surfactants were utilized to facilitate uniform wax coating on NAC powder, crystals, and granules.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for NAC loading quantification.
  • Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and conductometry were used for particle characterization and release studies.

Main Results:

  • High NAC loading, ranging from 55% to 91% for granules and crystals, was successfully achieved.
  • Microscopy and SEM confirmed the morphology, shape, and size of the wax-coated NAC particles.
  • Conductometry demonstrated a significantly slowed release profile of NAC from wax-coated particles in water.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-phase wax coating effectively reduces the solubility and slows the release of N-Acetylcysteine in water.
  • This innovative coating technology offers a promising approach to mask NAC's undesirable taste and improve its oral delivery.
  • Further research into wax-coated NAC could lead to enhanced therapeutic formulations with better patient compliance.