Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 6, 2025
Author Spotlight: Efficiently Eliminating Bacteriophages from Infected Salmonella Cultures Using Lipopolysaccharides
Published on: June 28, 2024
The activity of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract on Salmonella pullorum infected broilers
Sri Hidanah1, Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum1, Kadek Rachmawati2
1Animal Husbandry Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Background And Aim:
Pullorum is an acute and chronic disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, often infecting chicken farms. Pullorum disease treatment using antibiotics that do not follow the control dose can cause bacteria to become antibiotic-resistant. Meniran contributes to inhibiting and antagonizing bacteria and can increase the efficiency of chicken feed because of its bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the activity of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) in broilers infected with S. pullorum.
Materials And Methods:
In vitro study that was conducted includes phytochemical test, diffusion, and dilution methods using Meniran extract at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% concentrations and tylosin at 2% concentration. The data of the dilution method (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) were processed using probit analysis to determine LC50. In vivo study was conducted by randomly dividing 20 broilers into five treatment groups, four per group. The chickens (except in group P0-) were infected with S. pullorum aged 14 days. Then, the treatment was conducted according to the divided groups when the chickens were aged 21-34 days. The said treatments are P0- (uninfected S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), P0+ (infected with S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), and P1, P2, and P3 (infected with S. pullorum and administered with Meniran extract with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, respectively). Data from the phytochemical test were analyzed as descriptive. The data from the diffusion method were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Then, the results of broilers' performance were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test.
Results:
The phytochemical test showed positive for alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, and steroid/triterpenoid. The diffusion method formed the largest zone at 40% concentration with 15.6 mm, while 20%, 10%, and 5% had average of 13.15 mm, 8.38 mm, and 5.8 mm, respectively. The dilution method (MIC and MBC) exhibited the antibacterial ability of Meniran extract against S. pullorum at 20% dose and LC50 14.118% concentration. The Meniran extract administration in broilers exhibited improved performance of chickens infected with S. pullorum, with the administration of 20% dose of Meniran extract showing the best result.
Conclusion:
About 20% concentration Meniran extract can serve as an antibacterial agent and showed the best results in broilers infected with S. pullorum.
Insights
Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri) shows antibacterial activity against Salmonella pullorum in broilers. A 20% concentration of Meniran extract improved chicken performance and acted as an effective antibacterial agent.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Microbiology
- Phytochemistry
Background:
- Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella pullorum, is a significant threat to chicken farms.
- Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern due to improper antibiotic use in poultry.
- Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) possesses bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Meniran extract against Salmonella pullorum in vitro.
- To assess the efficacy of Meniran extract in improving the performance of broilers infected with Salmonella pullorum in vivo.
Main Methods:
- Phytochemical analysis, diffusion, and dilution assays (MIC, MBC) were performed on Meniran extract.
- In vitro tests included various concentrations of Meniran extract and tylosin.
- In vivo study involved infecting broilers with Salmonella pullorum and administering different concentrations of Meniran extract.
Main Results:
- Meniran extract tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids.
- The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella pullorum, with an LC50 of 14.118% concentration.
- Broilers treated with 20% Meniran extract showed the best performance improvement.
Conclusions:
- Meniran extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella pullorum.
- A 20% concentration of Meniran extract is effective in treating Salmonella pullorum infections and enhancing broiler performance.
