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Nicolas Bellini, Robert Lodge, Éric A Cohen

    Virologie (Montrouge, France)
    |June 29, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNAs play a crucial role in maintaining the latent HIV reservoir, persisting despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding these microRNAs offers potential new strategies to target HIV persistence and achieve a cure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but is not curative.
    • The integrated HIV-1 genome persists in CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells, forming a latent reservoir.
    • This latent reservoir is the primary barrier to HIV-1 eradication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the role of microRNAs in the development of viral reservoirs.
    • To explore how microRNAs modulate gene expression, affecting HIV-1 productive infection.
    • To discuss the potential of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy against latent HIV reservoirs.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on microRNAs and HIV-1 latency.
    • Analysis of microRNA targeting of host transcription factors and viral transcripts.
    • Discussion of host microRNA involvement in viral persistence mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression impacting HIV-1 infection.
    • Some microRNAs directly target viral transcripts, influencing viral load.
    • Host microRNAs actively participate in viral persistence and latency.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroRNAs are critical in establishing and maintaining the latent HIV reservoir.
    • Targeting microRNAs presents a promising avenue for reducing viral reservoirs.
    • Further research into microRNA-based therapies could lead to strategies for HIV-1 eradication.

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