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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Supercritical Relaxor Nanograined Ferroelectrics for Ultrahigh-Energy-Storage Capacitors
Aiwen Xie1, Jian Fu1, Ruzhong Zuo2
1Institute of Electro Ceramics & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Supercritical relaxor nanograined ferroelectrics are demonstrated for high-performance dielectric capacitors, showing record-high overall properties of energy density ≈13.1 J cm-3 and field-insensitive efficiency ≈90% at ≈74 kV mm-1 and superior charge-discharge performances of high power density ≈700 MW cm-3 , high discharge energy density ≈6.67 J cm-3 , and ultrashort discharge time <40 ns at 55 kV mm-1 . Ex/in situ transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction provide clear evidence of the supercritical behavior in (Na,K)(Sb,Nb)O3 -SrZrO3 -(Bi0.5 Na0.5 )ZrO3 ceramics, being achieved by engineering the coexistence of multiple local symmetries within the ergodic relaxor zone. The vanished difference between the ground relaxor state and the high-field supercritical state eliminates polarization hysteresis. The supercritical evolution with electric field enables a highly delayed polarization saturation with continuously increased polarization magnitudes. The results demonstrate that such a design strategy of compositionally induced and field-manipulated supercritical behavior can be generalizable for developing desirable energy-storage dielectrics for applications in ceramic/film capacitors.
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