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Association of Residential Racial and Ethnic Segregation With Legal Intervention Injuries in California.
Cora H Ormseth1, Alyssa C Mooney2, Ojmarrh Mitchell3
1School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA Network Open
|June 29, 2022
Summary
Racial disparities in legal intervention injuries persist, particularly for Black individuals in California. Residential segregation may exacerbate these injury rates, highlighting the need for policy reform.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Law enforcement encounters can result in significant injuries, disproportionately affecting Black individuals in the US.
- Structural racism contributes to community inequities and necessitates reforms in policing and societal structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between county-level characteristics and racial/ethnic disparities in injuries sustained during legal interventions.
- To analyze how factors like residential segregation correlate with disparities in legal intervention injuries.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed 27,671 patients with legal intervention injuries in California (2016-2019).
- Injuries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes (Y35).
- Observed to expected injury ratios were calculated per county, stratified by race/ethnicity, and modeled against the percentage of Black residents and residential segregation.
Main Results:
- Black residents experienced higher observed to expected injury ratios (up to 7), concentrated in San Francisco Bay Area counties with larger Black populations.
- White residents also showed elevated ratios (up to 5) in rural Northern California, linked to poverty and less urbanized areas.
- The study identified significant disparities in legal intervention injuries across racial and ethnic groups.
Conclusions:
- Residential segregation appears associated with increased legal intervention injury rates for Black Californians in counties with substantial Black populations.
- Addressing the legacy of discriminatory policies and their role in creating segregated communities is crucial for reform efforts.
- Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate racial and ethnic disparities in legal intervention injuries.
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