Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Classification of Systems-II

Classification of Systems-II

Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,

Methods of Classification and Identification

Methods of Classification and Identification

Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...

Information Processing Approach

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...

Microbial Classification System

Microbial Classification System

Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Classifying American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status With a Low-Rank-Adapted Large Language Model: Development and Validation Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same author

Effects of Heat Adaptation Behaviors on Resting Heart Rate Response to Summer Temperatures in Older Adults: Wearable Device Panel Study.

JMIR mHealth and uHealth·2025

Same author

Predicting 30-Day Postoperative Mortality and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Using Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models: Development and Validation Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2025

Same author

Clinical Value of ChatGPT for Epilepsy Presurgical Decision-Making: Systematic Evaluation of Seizure Semiology Interpretation.

Journal of medical Internet research·2025

Same author

Estimating sample means and standard deviations from the log-normal distribution using medians and quartiles: evaluating reporting requirements for primary and secondary endpoints of meta-analyses in anesthesiology.

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie·2025

Same author

Taylor Series Approximation for Accurate Generalized Confidence Intervals of Ratios of Log-Normal Standard Deviations for Meta-Analysis Using Means and Standard Deviations in Time Scale.

Pharmaceutical statistics·2025

Same journal

Pregnancy-Related Clinical Codes in Unlikely Populations in Primary Care.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same journal

Selecting, Scaling, and Measuring the Value of Ambient AI in a Nonacademic Health System: Multiphase Pilot Study.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same journal

Prediction of Early Hospital Admission (≤24 Hours) After Stroke Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Multicenter Study From China.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same journal

Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Preclinic Vital Signs Assessment in Primary Care: Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same journal

Candidate Passive Sensor Suite Technologies for Tactical Combat Casualty Care Environments: Comparative Assessment Study.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

Same journal

Relevance of the uMap Collaborative Platform as Support for Choropleth Mapping: A Traffic‒Light Statistical Signal Atlas of All-Cause Mortality-First French Lockdown.

JMIR medical informatics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Automatic International Classification of Diseases Coding System: Deep Contextualized Language Model With Rule-Based

Pei-Fu Chen^1,2, Kuan-Chih Chen^1,3, Wei-Chih Liao¹

¹Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

JMIR Medical Informatics

|June 29, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) coding accuracy using a contextual language model and rule-based preprocessing. The improved model significantly boosts performance for both ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and Procedure Coding System (PCS).

Keywords:

International Classification of Diseases algorithm coding system data mining deep learning electronic health record medical records multilabel text classification natural language processing

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: AI-Driven Trypanosome Species Detection from Microscopic Images

Author Spotlight: AI-Driven Trypanosome Species Detection from Microscopic Images

Published on: October 27, 2023

DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning

DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning

Published on: May 10, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Author Spotlight: AI-Driven Trypanosome Species Detection from Microscopic Images

Author Spotlight: AI-Driven Trypanosome Species Detection from Microscopic Images

Published on: October 27, 2023

DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning

DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning

Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Natural Language Processing
Health Data Science

Background:

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) is crucial for health management and research.
Increasing code complexity in ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and Procedure Coding System (PCS) leads to time-consuming and less accurate coding.
Deep contextual word embeddings offer potential for automatic multilabel text classification of ICD-10 codes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an improved model for ICD-10 multilabel classification.
To establish a contextual language model integrated with rule-based preprocessing methods.
To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ICD-10 CM and PCS coding.

Main Methods:

Compared various word embedding models including BioBERT, Clinical XLNet, AttentionXLM, and Word2Vec.
Evaluated rule-based preprocessing techniques such as definition training, external cause code removal, number conversion, and combination code filtering for ICD-10-CM.
Trained models using combinations of discharge diagnoses, surgical methods, and special examination keywords for ICD-10-PCS.
Utilized micro F1 score and micro area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for performance comparison.

Main Results:

BioBERT demonstrated superior performance with an F1 score of 0.701.
Rule-based preprocessing significantly improved ICD-10-CM prediction F1 score from 0.749 to 0.769.
For ICD-10-PCS, F1 score increased from 0.670 to 0.726 with combined data inputs.
Achieved high AUC scores of 0.853 for ICD-10-CM and 0.831 for ICD-10-PCS.

Conclusions:

The developed model, combining a pretrained contextualized language model with rule-based preprocessing, outperforms state-of-the-art methods for ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS.
Rule-based preprocessing methods, aligned with coder coding rules, are vital for enhancing the performance of automated ICD-10 classification.