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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

247
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
247

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Relation Between Sex, Menopause, and White Matter Hyperintensities: The Rhineland Study.

Valerie Lohner1, Gökhan Pehlivan1, Gerard Sanroma1

  • 1From the Population Health Sciences (V.L., G.P., G.S., M.M.B.B.), and Statistics and Machine Learning (A.M.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (M.D.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Clinic for Neuroradiology (M.D.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; MR Physics (T.S.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Department of Physics and Astronomy (T.S.), University of Bonn, Germany; Image Analysis (M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Institute for Medical Biometry (M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.

Neurology
|June 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden increases with age and is sex-dependent. Postmenopausal women show higher WMH than premenopausal women and men, indicating menopause accelerates WMH progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Sex differences in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden are noted in older adults.
  • Gaps exist in understanding age-related WMH trajectories, sex-specific differences, and the impact of hypertension and menopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences and age-dependent WMH load across the adult lifespan.
  • To examine the influence of menopause on WMH burden and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 3,410 participants (30-95 years) from the population-based Rhineland Study.
  • Automated quantification of WMH using brain MRI (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR).
  • Linear regression models adjusted for age, age-squared, and vascular risk factors, with stratification by menopausal status.

Main Results:

  • WMH load accelerates with age in a sex-dependent manner.
  • Postmenopausal women exhibited higher WMH burden and faster acceleration compared to age-matched men and premenopausal women.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension increased WMH burden in women, independent of menopausal status.

Conclusions:

  • Menopause is associated with increased WMH burden and accelerated progression in women.
  • Sex-specific effects of uncontrolled hypertension on WMH are not mediated by menopause.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate menopause-related physiological mechanisms in cerebral small vessel disease.