Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

13.1K
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
13.1K
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

5.2K
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
5.2K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

21.4K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
21.4K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

645
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
645

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Computational methods for automated center determination in electron diffraction patterns.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

Actively Induced Supercoiling Can Slow Down Plasmid Solutions by Trapping the Threading Entanglements.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Correction: Catalytic degradation of <i>N</i>-acyl-homoserine lactone using a copper complex of a TACN derivative: implications for quorum sensing interference.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Boron-Rich Soft Hydrogels Based on the Coassembly of Cationic A‑B‑A Triblock Copolymers with <i>Closo</i>-Dodecaborate.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Ionization and Chain Size of Weak Polyelectrolytes in Semidilute Regime.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Thermoplastic Starch Composites with Highly Exfoliated Nano-Clay Fillers and Excellent Barrier Properties.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Multicomponent Micelles with Boosted Stability of Iminoboronates.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same journal

Stiffening and Toughening Protein Hydrogels by Tuning Electrostatic Interactions.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same journal

<i>In Situ</i> Bulk and Interfacial Interlocking-Induced Highly Dynamically Entangled Hydrogel of Myocardium-Matching Mechanics, Electrophysiological Functions, and Robust Tissue Adhesion for Cardiac Repair.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same journal

Eutectogel Electrodes with Self-powered Capability for Flexible Electrophysiological Sensor.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same journal

Self-Reporting Supramolecular Coacervates Driven by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Enable Systemic Translocation and Photodynamic Bioprotection.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same journal

Self-Assembed G-Quadruplex Nanowires for Energy Transfer over Micrometers.

Biomacromolecules·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K

Anionically Functionalized Glycogen Encapsulates Melittin by Multivalent Interaction.

Hanna Zhukouskaya1, Pablo M Blanco2, Zulfiya Černochová1

  • 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic.

Biomacromolecules
|June 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acid-functionalized glycogen conjugates efficiently encapsulate and inhibit melittin, a component of honeybee venom. These biocompatible carriers show promise for delivering cationic molecules and acting as antidotes.

More Related Videos

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils
15:04

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils

Published on: September 28, 2019

6.0K
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K
Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils
15:04

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils

Published on: September 28, 2019

6.0K
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Melittin, a cationic peptide from honeybee venom, causes hemolysis and toxicity.
  • Developing safe and effective carriers for therapeutic molecules and antidotes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop acid-functionalized glycogen conjugates as supramolecular carriers.
  • To evaluate their efficiency in encapsulating and inhibiting melittin.
  • To assess their potential as biocompatible carriers for cationic cargos.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of acid-functionalized glycogen conjugates.
  • Melittin encapsulation studies at varying functionalization degrees.
  • Computer simulations for understanding encapsulation mechanisms.
  • In vitro hemolytic assays to assess melittin inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Glycogen conjugates effectively encapsulated melittin within a physiological pH range.
  • High functionalization led to efficient melittin inhibition, preventing hemolysis.
  • Encapsulation efficiency correlated with the degree of acid functionalization.
  • Computer simulations supported electrostatic attraction driving encapsulation.

Conclusions:

  • Acid-functionalized glycogen conjugates are effective supramolecular carriers for cationic peptides like melittin.
  • These conjugates demonstrate potential as biodegradable and biocompatible antidotes against venoms.
  • The degree of functionalization is critical for achieving desired encapsulation and inhibition properties.