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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia.

Christa L Watson Pereira¹, Ran Zhou², Mark A Pitt²

¹Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|June 30, 2022

Summary

Children with developmental dyslexia (dD) exhibit altered probabilistic decision-making, showing increased risk-taking and reduced consistency. These decision-making patterns are linked to caudate nucleus volume, suggesting new neurocognitive insights for dD.

Keywords:

Bayesian decision-making dyslexia probabilistic reward risk striatum

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Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Disorders

Background:

Developmental dyslexia (dD) is characterized by reading difficulties, often linked to phonological and visual processing deficits.
The neurocognitive basis of dD beyond these deficits is not well understood.
Probabilistic decision-making, crucial for learning from uncertain information, has been associated with striatal function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between dD and probabilistic decision-making.
To examine the association between striatal structure volumes and decision-making in children with dD and typical readers.

Main Methods:

Twenty-four children with dD and eleven typical readers underwent MRI scans and completed a probabilistic risk/reward fishing task.
A Bayesian cognitive model was used to estimate risk propensity and behavioral consistency.
Volumes of striatal subregions (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) were analyzed and correlated with cognitive model parameters.

Main Results:

Children with dD demonstrated significantly higher risk propensity and lower behavioral consistency compared to typical readers.
Cognitive model parameters correlated with timed pseudoword reading performance across both groups.
Risk propensity was specifically associated with increased caudate nucleus volumes, particularly in the dD group.

Conclusions:

Probabilistic decision-making processes appear to differentiate children with dD and are linked to caudate structure.
These findings suggest that altered decision-making mechanisms may contribute to learning challenges in dD.
Further research into domain-general decision-making and its neurobiological underpinnings in dD is warranted for developing targeted interventions.