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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Implicit Bias Reflects the Company That Words Keep.

David J Hauser1, Norbert Schwarz2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

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Summary

Neutral concepts that frequently appear with biased words can develop implicit bias. This suggests language collocations, not just direct experience, may foster societal biases.

Keywords:
collocationimplicit biaslanguagesemantic embeddingsemantic prosody

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Societal biases are evident in language, with certain concepts frequently associated with specific groups or valences.
  • It remains unclear if these language associations merely reflect existing biases or actively contribute to their formation and maintenance.
  • Semantically prosodic concepts, neutral in themselves but linked to valenced terms, offer a unique avenue to investigate the causal role of collocations in bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether neutral concepts that frequently collocate with valenced concepts acquire implicit bias.
  • To determine if language collocations are sufficient to foster implicit bias, independent of direct personal experience.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized evaluative priming tasks where participants rated positive/negative stimuli.
  • Employed verb primes categorized as strongly valenced, neutral with valenced collocations, or neutral without valenced collocations.
  • Analyzed reaction times and accuracy in stimulus evaluation following different prime types.

Main Results:

  • Neutral primes with positive or negative collocations significantly influenced the evaluation of corresponding valenced targets, mirroring the effect of strongly valenced primes.
  • Neutral primes lacking significant valenced collocations did not show a similar bias effect.
  • The findings indicate that the valence of collocated concepts transfers to neutral concepts.

Conclusions:

  • Language collocations, even for semantically neutral concepts, appear sufficient to generate implicit bias.
  • This suggests that the structure and patterns of language itself play a crucial role in shaping and perpetuating societal biases.
  • Understanding the influence of semantic prosody is vital for addressing the formation and impact of implicit bias in society.