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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
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Functional Micropeptides Encoded by Long Non-Coding RNAs: A Comprehensive Review.

Jianfeng Pan1, Ruijun Wang1,2,3,4, Fangzheng Shang1

  • 1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can encode functional micropeptides, challenging their non-coding definition. These micropeptides play roles in homeostasis, disease, and development across organisms.

Keywords:
Ribo-seqcoding potential predictionlncRNAmicropeptidesORF

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were initially defined as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Emerging technologies reveal most lncRNAs possess short open reading frames with potential to encode micropeptides.
  • These micropeptides are implicated in crucial biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in lncRNA-encoded micropeptides.
  • To discuss computational tools and techniques for micropeptide prediction and identification.
  • To provide a reference for future research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNA-encoded micropeptides.
  • Analysis of technological advancements enabling micropeptide discovery (e.g., ribosome profiling).
  • Overview of computational approaches for micropeptide identification.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a significant portion of lncRNAs can encode functional micropeptides.
  • Micropeptides are involved in fundamental biological activities including homeostasis and development.
  • Various computational tools are available for predicting and identifying these micropeptides.

Conclusions:

  • The functional capacity of lncRNAs extends to encoding micropeptides.
  • Understanding lncRNA-derived micropeptides is crucial for comprehending biological regulation.
  • Further research and refined computational methods will advance the study of lncRNA micropeptides.