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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Knowledge Mapping of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Bibliometric Study.

Wen Hu1, Na Chen2, Weiheng Yan3,4

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction research is growing, with recent focus shifting to COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease. Future studies will explore links between neurodegenerative diseases, COVID-19, and olfactory dysfunction mechanisms.

Keywords:
CiteSpaceVOSviewerbibliometric studyhotspotolfactory dysfunctiontrend

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life and patient safety.
  • Despite increased research interest, bibliometric analyses of olfactory dysfunction are scarce.
  • This study addresses the need for a bibliometric overview of olfactory dysfunction research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a bibliometric analysis of olfactory dysfunction research.
  • To identify current research foci and emerging trends.
  • To highlight potential future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliometric analysis of articles published between 2002 and 2021.
  • Data sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection.
  • Analysis performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.

Main Results:

  • Publication numbers show an upward trend, with a sharp increase in 2020 due to COVID-19.
  • The United States leads in publications and international collaboration.
  • Research focus has shifted from "gonadotropin-releasing hormone" and "apoptosis" to "olfactory training," "COVID-19," and "Parkinson's disease."

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction research has gained momentum over the past two decades.
  • Current research frontiers include COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction mechanisms and prognoses.
  • Future research should prioritize the pathophysiological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.