[Progress in replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells regulated by microenvironment]

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cell Biology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
• Long-term in vitro expansion leads to MSC senescence, characterized by reduced stemness, migration, proliferation, and differentiation potential, limiting their therapeutic applications.
• The cellular microenvironment is a key factor influencing MSC senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of senescent MSCs.
• To explore microenvironment-based strategies for maintaining MSC stemness.
• To provide insights for the large-scale application of MSCs in tissue engineering and clinical studies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on MSC senescence.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying MSC aging.
• Investigation of microenvironment modulation techniques, including exogenous administration, oxygen concentration regulation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) construction.

Main Results:

• MSC senescence involves decreased migration, proliferation, and differentiation potential.
• Specific microenvironment modifications can effectively delay MSC senescence.
• Technologies like exogenous administration, oxygen control, and ECM engineering show promise in preserving stemness.

Conclusions:

• Understanding MSC senescence mechanisms is vital for therapeutic applications.
• Modulating the microenvironment offers effective strategies to maintain MSC stemness.
• These findings support the future clinical translation of MSC-based therapies.