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Early Atopic Sensitization to House-Dust Mite in Children with Recurrent Wheeze-A Cross-Sectional Study

Nitin Mohan1, Shetanshu Srivastava2, Rajendra Prasad3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|June 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with recurrent wheeze show high rates of house-dust mite (HDM) sensitization. This early sensitization is linked to atopic comorbidities like allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Recurrent wheeze in young children is a common clinical problem.
  • House-dust mite (HDM) sensitization is a significant risk factor for allergic respiratory diseases.
  • Understanding early sensitization patterns is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine house-dust mite (HDM) antigen sensitization in children under five with recurrent wheeze.
  • To compare sensitization rates between children with recurrent wheeze and non-wheezing controls.
  • To assess the prevalence of atopic comorbidities in these children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 190 children aged 1-5 years in North India.
  • 127 children had recurrent wheeze (RW) and 63 had no wheeze (NW).
  • Skin prick tests (SPT) for Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were performed, alongside assessment for atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher SPT positivity for HDM in the RW group (76.4%) compared to the NW group (20.6%) (p < 0.001).
  • Sensitization to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was markedly higher in RW children.
  • Atopic comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis (43.3% vs 11.1%) and atopic dermatitis (22% vs 3.2%), were significantly more prevalent in the RW group.

Conclusions:

  • Early sensitization to HDM is prevalent in children experiencing recurrent wheeze.
  • A strong association exists between HDM sensitization and the development of atopic comorbidities in young children.
  • These findings highlight the importance of identifying HDM sensitivity in pediatric recurrent wheeze for managing allergic conditions.
Abstract

Keywords:
Dermatophagoides farinaDermatophagoides pteronyssinusHouse-dust miteRecurrent wheeze

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