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Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

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Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections
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Immunohistochemistry for VM Markers.

Alessio Biagioni1, Elena Andreucci2

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy. alessio.biagioni@unifi.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) allows aggressive cancer cells to form vessel-like structures independently of endothelial cells, promoting tumor growth and spread. Immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31 staining, helps identify VM and assess tumor vascularity.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisCD31ImmunohistochemistryPAS reactionVasculogenic mimicry

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a process where aggressive cancer cells form vessel-like structures.
  • This process sustains tumor perfusion, supporting rapid cancer growth and metastasis.
  • Understanding VM is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms and key regulators of VM.
  • To discuss current methods for detecting VM in vitro and in vivo.
  • To highlight the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing VM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on VM mechanisms and detection.
  • Analysis of immunohistochemical techniques, including CD31 staining and PAS reaction.
  • Evaluation of VM detection in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Main Results:

  • Key molecular regulators and mechanisms of VM have been identified over the past two decades.
  • Various in vitro and in vivo methods exist for VM detection.
  • Immunohistochemistry, especially CD31 and PAS staining, is the gold standard for VM assessment.

Conclusions:

  • VM is a critical factor in aggressive tumor progression and dissemination.
  • Immunohistochemistry provides essential insights into tumor vascularity and pathologic status.
  • Distinguishing VM from angiogenesis remains an area of active research.