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Updated: Sep 6, 2025
11:22
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
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The microbiome and gut homeostasis
Jee-Yon Lee1, Renée M Tsolis1, Andreas J Bäumler1
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 30, 2022
Summary
Gut microbiota homeostasis is not defined by specific species but by host factors like oxygen and nitrate availability, which regulate microbial growth and function. Quantifying these host parameters may help identify and treat gut dysbiosis.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Human Physiology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Gut microbiota composition changes are linked to numerous human diseases.
- Current definitions of gut homeostasis and dysbiosis lack specificity regarding microbial species.
- Diet and host factors significantly influence the gut microbiota's composition and function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore host factors that govern gut microbiota composition and function.
- To investigate the role of oxygen and nitrate availability in microbial community structure.
- To propose alternative strategies for defining and remediating gut dysbiosis.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of host-derived factors (oxygen, nitrate) in the small intestine and colon.
- Correlation of host factors with microbial energy production pathways (respiration vs. fermentation).
- Assessment of how diet impacts host control mechanisms over the microbiota.
Main Results:
- Host delivery of oxygen and nitrate in the small intestine selects for respiring bacteria.
- Limited oxygen and nitrate in the colon favors fermentative bacteria.
- Poor diet compromises host regulatory mechanisms, impacting microbiota stability.
Conclusions:
- Gut homeostasis and dysbiosis are better defined by host regulatory parameters than by specific microbial species.
- Host factors like oxygen and nitrate availability are key determinants of gut microbial community structure.
- Quantifying host parameters offers a novel approach to understanding and managing gut dysbiosis.
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