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Related Concept Videos

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System01:22

Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System

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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections
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Lymphatic vessels in cancer.

Lothar C Dieterich1, Carlotta Tacconi1,2, Luca Ducoli1

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Physiological Reviews
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The lymphatic system is crucial for bodily functions and cancer metastasis. Targeting lymphatic vessels offers new strategies for cancer therapy by modulating tumor immunity and spread.

Keywords:
cancer lymphangiogenesislymph nodelymphatic endothelial cellslymphatic metastasislymphatic system

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • The lymphatic system is vital for fluid balance, immune cell transport, and is implicated in cancer progression.
  • Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis play a key role in lymph node metastasis.
  • The lymphatic system mediates tumor-host communication and influences immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the lymphatic system's role in cancer.
  • To highlight the mechanisms of lymphatic involvement in cancer metastasis and immunity.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the lymphatic system in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent discoveries in lymphatic biology and cancer.
  • Analysis of the role of lymphatic endothelial cells in tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
  • Examination of therapeutic targeting strategies for lymphatic vessels in oncology.

Main Results:

  • Lymphatic vessels are critical for cancer cell dissemination and lymph node metastasis.
  • Lymphatic endothelial cells, especially in lymph node sinuses, regulate anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy response.
  • PD-L1 expression by lymphatic endothelial cells impacts immune modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The lymphatic system is a significant factor in cancer pathogenesis and immune evasion.
  • Targeting lymphatic vessels and their functions presents promising therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate lymphatic mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies.