[Strategic cytogenetic aids in oncologic diagnosis and individual therapy control]

The main cytogenetic markers of haemoblastoses and other myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders as well as an oncologically relevant gene map of the human chromosomes were demonstrated taking as a basis own data and corresponding literature. We have tried to describe the current prognostic value of several karyotypic traits and trends for the use of clinicians, especially for oncologists, from the cytogenetic point of view. We particularly consider the dynamics and the development, the competition between various cell-lines of the bone-marrow with different changes of the karyotypes. Further attempts to a clear understanding of the nature and the significance of clonal chromosome changes in haemoblastoses and other tumours as well as of the risk of neoplastic development determined by distinct chromosomal abnormalities should take into consideration the molecular mechanisms of translocation and also the consequences of gene dosis, such as of immunologic systems. At present cytogenetic tumour markers seem to be a strategic aid for diagnosis and prognosis as well as for the understanding of the mechanisms, initiating the chromosome aberrations and leading to further changes during the development of the tumour.