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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
Published on: November 16, 2011
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) therapy in type 2 diabetes
Elisabeth Ng1, Jonathan E Shaw2, Anna Wood3
1MBBS (Hons), Endocrinology Registrar, Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic.
Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a national health priority. Its rising prevalence is accompanied by a high burden of diabetes-related complications, many of which are preventable. Numerous glucose-lowering medications have been developed in recent years with growing evidence relating to their efficacy and safety. These advances have increased the complexity of prescribing decisions in T2D.
Objective:
This review provides clinicians with relevant evidence and practical advice concerning glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in T2D.
Discussion:
The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners recommends GLP1-RAs as an option for second-line therapy in T2D. GLP1-RAs contribute to weight loss and glycated haemoglobin reduction. GLP1-RAs also reduce incidence of cardiovascular events in selected populations, and available evidence suggests renoprotective effects. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in the weeks following treatment initiation. GLP1-RAs should be considered for people with T2D at high cardiovascular risk or where weight loss is a priority.
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