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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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TKIs beyond immunotherapy predict improved survival in advanced HCC.

Samantha Armstrong1, Tina Roy2, Bhavana Singh1

  • 1Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Disease control in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predicts longer survival after immunotherapy. Subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy also significantly improves overall survival in HCC patients.

Keywords:
HCCHepatocellular carcinomaImmune toxicityImmunotherapyTKITyrosine kinase inhibitor

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Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research
  • Immunotherapy Efficacy
  • Oncology Treatment Strategies

Background:

  • Predictors of immunotherapy response in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited.
  • The role of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy following immunotherapy in HCC is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate clinical factors, including target lesion response, immune-mediated toxicity, and subsequent TKI therapy, as predictors of immunotherapy response in advanced HCC.
  • To evaluate the impact of TKI treatment after immunotherapy on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 77 patients with advanced HCC treated with immunotherapy.
  • Assessment of patient characteristics and outcomes using Kaplan-Meier, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Main Results:

  • Patients achieving partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) demonstrated significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to progressive disease (PD).
  • Immune-mediated toxicities showed a trend towards improved PFS and OS.
  • Subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy after immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (19 vs. 5 months, p=0.0024), with a hazard ratio of 0.412 (p=0.0043) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Disease control (PR or SD) is a significant predictor of prolonged PFS and OS in advanced HCC patients receiving immunotherapy.
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy following immunotherapy administration is a key predictor of improved overall survival in advanced HCC.