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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and "What is my place in...
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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Maternal interpersonal problems and attachment security in adolescent offspring.

Sophie Kerr1, Francesca Penner1,2, Gabrielle Ilagan3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd, Room, Houston, TX, 126, USA.

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal interpersonal problems are linked to insecure adolescent attachment. Mothers' own bonding experiences with their caregivers partially explain this intergenerational risk, suggesting targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Adolescent attachmentAttachmentIntergenerational transmissionInterpersonal problems

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Parent-level factors influence adolescent attachment security, impacting youth psychopathology.
  • Maternal interpersonal problems, linked to personality pathology, are examined for their association with adolescent attachment.
  • Previous research shows links between adult attachment and interpersonal problems, but offspring attachment remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal interpersonal problems and adolescent attachment insecurity.
  • To explore whether mothers' recalled bonding with their own mothers mediates this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • 351 adolescent inpatients and their mothers participated.
  • Logistic regressions analyzed associations between maternal interpersonal problems and adolescent attachment classifications.
  • A mediation model assessed the role of maternal recalled bonding.

Main Results:

  • Maternal interpersonal problems correlated with insecure, dismissing, and preoccupied adolescent attachment.
  • No significant link was found between maternal interpersonal problems and disorganized attachment.
  • Maternal recalled bonding partially mediated the association between maternal interpersonal problems and adolescent attachment.

Conclusions:

  • This study first demonstrates maternal interpersonal problems are associated with increased adolescent insecure attachment.
  • Findings suggest interventions targeting parent-child relationships and attachment, potentially utilizing interpersonal circumplex (IPC) frameworks.
  • Maternal recalled experiences mediate risk transmission, indicating attachment-based or mentalization-based interventions may benefit mothers with interpersonal issues.