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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Scaling of Engineered Vascular Grafts Using 3D Printed Guides and the Ring Stacking Method

Scaling of Engineered Vascular Grafts Using 3D Printed Guides and the Ring Stacking Method

Published on: March 27, 2017

Functioning tailor-made 3D-printed vascular graft for hemodialysis.

Ming-Chia Li^1,2, Pu-Yuan Chang^3,4, Huai-Rou Luo¹

¹Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu.

The Journal of Vascular Access

|July 1, 2022

Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D-printed arteriovenous graft (AVG) made from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The personalized AVG fits individual vessel sizes, demonstrating successful function in vivo with minimal complications.

Keywords:

3D printing EVA copolymer animal model hemodialysis tailor-made vascular graft

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Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Scaling of Engineered Vascular Grafts Using 3D Printed Guides and the Ring Stacking Method

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Published on: March 27, 2017

Fabrication of Engineered Vascular Flaps Using 3D Printing Technologies

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Published on: May 19, 2022

Implantation of Electrospun Vascular Grafts with Optimized Structure in a Rat Model

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Published on: June 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Vascular Surgery
Medical Device Design

Background:

Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are crucial for hemodialysis access.
Variations in patient upper limb vessel size pose surgical challenges.
Standard AVGs may not optimally fit diverse patient anatomies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel 3D-printed arteriovenous graft (AVG).
To assess the in vitro and in vivo functionality of a personalized, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based AVG.
To investigate the potential of 3D printing for creating custom vascular implants.

Main Methods:

Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based AVG produced in an H-shape using 3D printing technology, tailored to patient-specific neck vessel dimensions from CT angiograms.
Sterilization of the 3D-printed AVG.
In vitro characterization of biomaterial biocompatibility and recovery properties.
In vivo implantation in rabbit common carotid artery and jugular vein.

Main Results:

Successful in vivo implantation and function of the 3D-printed AVG in rabbits.
Surgical implantation was quick, sutureless, with minimal blood loss and no hematoma formation.
Measured blood flow velocity within the AVG was 14.9 ± 3.7 cm/s.
In vitro tests confirmed EVA biocompatibility and superior recovery post-cannulation compared to ePTFE.

Conclusions:

3D printing enables tailor-made EVA-based AVGs for personalized vascular implants.
The novel AVG demonstrates successful in vivo functionality and biocompatibility.
Further large-animal studies are recommended to evaluate long-term patency.