Mannosylerythritol lipids as green pesticides and plant biostimulants

Biosurfactants can be applied in the formulation of personal care products, as food additives, and as biocontrol agents in the agricultural sector. Glycolipids and lipopeptides represent an important group of microbial-based biosurfactants with biostimulating properties. Among them, the mannosylerythritol lipids also presented antimicrobial activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. In this sense, mannosylerythritol lipids are a potential safer green alternative for partially replacing synthetic pesticides. This review aimed to critically discuss the current state of the art and future trends of mannosylerythritol lipids as green pesticides and biostimulants for seed germination and plant growth. Due to their chemical structure, mannosylerythritol lipids are likely related to energy pathways such as glycolysis and Krebs cycle, i.e. a direct cellular biostimulant potential. In this case, experimental evidence from other glycolipids indicated that structural and chemical changes as a potential drug vehicle due to morphological changes caused by biosurfactant-membrane interaction. In addition, like other biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids can trigger self-defense mechanisms, leading to a lower frequency of phytopathogen infections. Therefore, mannosylerythritol lipids have the potential for biostimulation and antiphytopathogenic action, despite that to date no data are available on mannosylerythritol lipids as biostimulants and green pesticides simultaneously. Based on the current state of the art, mannosylerythritol lipids have great potential for a biotechnological advance toward more sustainable agriculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.