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Mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis in diabetes

Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu1, Dinender K Singla1

  • 1Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|July 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This review examines how SARS-CoV-2 impacts diabetes patients, focusing on inflammation and heart failure mechanisms. It explores COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
  • Comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease increase COVID-19 severity.
  • SARS-CoV-2 entry via ACE-2 receptor triggers inflammation and potential multiorgan failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 structure, mutations, and host entry mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the specific mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetic patients.
  • To discuss COVID-19's effects on diabetes, inflammation, and heart failure, and review therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of viral structure, spike protein mutations, and host cell receptors.
  • Focus on pathogenic mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 to diabetes complications.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the ACE-2 receptor for host cell entry.
  • Viral infection can induce inflammation and cytokine storm, leading to severe outcomes.
  • The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes pathophysiology requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms in diabetes is crucial for managing high-risk patients.
  • Further research is needed to address unanswered questions and develop targeted therapies.
  • This review highlights the complex interplay between viral infection and metabolic disease.

Keywords:
ACE2SARS-CoV-2cardiovascularcoronavirusesinflammation

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