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Bone marrow adiposity in diabetes and clinical interventions
1University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
Summary
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) changes are observed in type 2 diabetes, but not consistently in type 1 diabetes. Interventions like exercise and weight loss can decrease BMAT, offering potential therapeutic strategies for diabetic bone disease.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Research
- Skeletal Biology
Background:
- Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a unique fat depot influenced by metabolic factors.
- BMAT is proposed to negatively affect skeletal health.
- Alterations in BMAT are increasingly recognized in metabolic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review changes in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in individuals with diabetes.
- To identify contributing factors to BMAT alterations in diabetes.
- To examine the impact of interventions on BMAT in diabetic populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating BMAT in diabetes.
- Analysis of bone histomorphometry data.
- Review of imaging studies, including positron emission tomography (PET) scans.
Main Results:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) shows similar BMAT levels to controls, with limited research.
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibits altered BMAT content and composition, with increased adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
- BMAT is a significant source of basal glucose uptake and responds to metabolic interventions.
Conclusions:
- BMAT alterations are more consistently observed in T2D than T1D.
- Interventions like metformin, weight loss, and exercise may reduce BMAT.
- Understanding BMAT's role is crucial for insights into diabetic bone disease pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.
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