Extracellular vesicles for the treatment of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, or other organ or system lesions that appear after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia, a systemic multisystem disease of placental origin, is also one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Serious complications such as HELLP syndrome and placental abruption that occur in patients with preeclampsia without active treatment will be life threatening. In recent years, extracellular vesicles, especially those derived from mesenchymal stem cells, have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases due to their excellent anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration-promoting, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent advances in the use of different sources of extracellular vesicles for the treatment of preeclampsia, and also describe the biological pathways and molecules involved in each study. Extracellular vesicle therapy has a good repair effect on trophoblast and endothelial system, and is a promising treatment for preeclampsia.