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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are linked to higher mortality rates.
  • The role of multimorbidity in this association and the comparative mortality risk of ILAs versus other age-associated diseases remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association of ILAs with all-cause mortality, adjusted for multimorbidity.
  • To compare the mortality risk of ILAs with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.
  • To investigate the association between ILAs and these prevalent chronic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CT image analysis for ILA assessment (none, indeterminate, definite) in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and AGES-Reykjavik cohorts.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards models to analyze mortality associations and multinomial logistic regression for disease associations.
  • Adjusted for multimorbidity and other potential confounders.

Main Results:

  • Adjusted models showed ILAs significantly increased mortality in both FHS (HR 1.95) and AGES-Reykjavik (HR 1.60).
  • The mortality association of ILAs was comparable in magnitude to most other common chronic diseases studied.
  • ILAs were associated with prevalent kidney disease in FHS and prevalent CVD in AGES-Reykjavik, but not consistently with other diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with increased mortality, independent of multimorbidity.
  • The mortality risk conferred by ILAs is similar to that of several other common chronic diseases.
  • ILAs were not consistently associated with the prevalence of other major chronic diseases.