Improving time series prediction accuracy for the maxima of a flow by reconstructions using local cross sections

Despite a long history of time series analysis/prediction, theoretically few is known on how to predict the maxima better. To predict the maxima of a flow more accurately, we propose to use its local cross sections or plates the flow passes through. First, we provide a theoretical underpinning for the observability using local cross sections. Second, we show that we can improve short-term prediction of local maxima by employing a generalized prediction error, which weighs more for the larger values. The proposed approach is demonstrated by rainfalls, where heavier rains may cause casualties.