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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Perinatal risk factors for SUDEP: A population-based case-control study.

Olafur Sveinsson1,2,3, Tomas Andersson4,5, Sofia Carlsson4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Epilepsia
|July 2, 2022
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Summary

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk is higher in infants with low Apgar scores or born post-term. Perinatal factors like small for gestational age (SGA) also increase SUDEP risk, warranting further investigation into underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:
Apgar scoreSUDEPSwedish birth registerperinatal and postnatal eventssmall for gestational agetonic-clonic seizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epilepsy Research
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of epilepsy-related mortality.
  • Previous research noted similarities between SUDEP and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but perinatal risk factors for SUDEP remained unexamined.
  • Identifying modifiable perinatal risk factors could inform preventative strategies for SUDEP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prenatal and perinatal factors and the risk of SUDEP.
  • To assess if factors identified in SIDS research are also relevant for SUDEP risk.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based case-control study utilizing Swedish national health registers and medical records.
  • Included 58 SUDEP cases and 384 living epilepsy controls born after 1982.
  • Examined associations between various perinatal factors (gestational age, Apgar score, SGA) and SUDEP risk.

Main Results:

  • Infants small for gestational age (SGA) had a 3-fold increased SUDEP risk (OR 3.13).
  • A low Apgar score (0-6 at 10 min) was associated with a 3.22-fold increased SUDEP risk.
  • After adjustment, a low Apgar score showed a 10-fold increased SUDEP risk (OR 10.37), and post-term birth (>40 weeks) showed a 2.42-fold increased risk (OR 2.42).

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal factors, including low Apgar score, post-term birth, and SGA, are significantly associated with SUDEP risk.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering perinatal health in SUDEP risk assessment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms connecting these perinatal factors to SUDEP.