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Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves
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ROP Interactive Partners are Involved in the Control of Cell Division Patterns in Arabidopsis Leaves.

Qimuge Hasi1, Tatsuo Kakimoto1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan.

Plant & Cell Physiology
|July 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

ROP interactive partners (RIPs) are crucial for plant cell division and leaf shape. Loss-of-function mutants revealed RIPs regulate microtubule dynamics and cell division plane, impacting overall plant morphology.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis thalianaG-proteinLeafPolarityPreprophase bandRIP

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Molecular Plant Science
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Rho of plants (ROPs) are key regulators of plant cell polarity, utilizing distinct effector proteins compared to animal Rho GTP-binding proteins.
  • Interactor of constitutive active ROPs (ICRs), also known as ROP interactive partners (RIPs), are implicated in various biological processes, but their loss-of-function phenotypes remain under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functions of Arabidopsis thaliana RIPs in leaf epidermis development.
  • To analyze the roles of RIP proteins in microtubule organization and cell division plane regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) fusion proteins to observe RIP localization within Arabidopsis leaf epidermal cells.
  • Analysis of RIP protein colocalization with cellular structures like cortical microtubules, preprophase band (PPB), spindles, and phragmoplasts.
  • Phenotypic analysis of rip1 2 3 4 5 quintuple mutants, including measurements of cell number, growth rate, and PPB orientation.

Main Results:

  • All tested RIPs localized to cortical microtubules; RIP1, RIP3, and RIP4 also localized to the PPB, spindles, and phragmoplasts, unlike RIP2 and RIP5.
  • Overexpression of RIP1 or RIP4 led to cortical microtubule fragmentation, and the quintuple mutant exhibited increased microtubule growth rates.
  • The rip1 2 3 4 5 mutant displayed narrow leaves and petals due to reduced cell number along the transverse axis and fewer PPBs oriented longitudinally.

Conclusions:

  • RIP proteins play essential roles in regulating microtubule dynamics and cell division plane orientation in Arabidopsis leaf epidermis.
  • RIPs are critical for determining leaf shape by influencing cell division patterns during development.
  • Differential localization and function among RIP family members highlight the complexity of ROP signaling pathways in plants.