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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs
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MicroRNA detection in biologically relevant media using a split aptamer platform.

Liming Wang1, Kern Hast1, Tushar Aggarwal1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
|July 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel aptamer-based fluorescent biosensors for detecting microRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples. These adaptable sensors offer a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for miRNA biomarker analysis in complex environments.

Keywords:
AptamerFluorescent detectionMiRNANucleic acidSmall-molecule fluorophore

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA)-based intercellular communication is crucial in biological processes.
  • miRNAs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • Current tools struggle to analyze miRNAs in complex biological samples like serum and plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a methodology for rapidly creating aptamer-based fluorescent biosensors for miRNA detection.
  • To enable miRNA detection in biologically relevant media with minimal sample handling.
  • To create adaptable biosensors for novel and niche miRNA targets.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-rational design of DNA oligonucleotide-miRNA hybridization to generate aptamer pools.
  • Screening aptamer pools for high signal-to-background ratio and target specificity.
  • Development of fluorescent biosensors using readily available, unmodified DNA oligonucleotides.

Main Results:

  • Developed biosensors capable of detecting specific oncogenic miRNAs (miR-19b, miR-21, miR-92a) at concentrations as low as 5 nM.
  • Demonstrated high selectivity against single-nucleotide mutants.
  • Successfully detected miRNAs in complex biological media including cell culture medium, human serum, and plasma.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents a systematic approach for developing accessible miRNA biosensors.
  • The methodology allows for rapid adaptation to new miRNA targets.
  • The developed biosensors function effectively in biological environments with minimal sample preparation.